We are now accepting applications for Cohort 2 projects (starting in October 2025). To apply, please see the ‘How to apply‘ page.
Projects available now
Please note that the two projects listed below that are available now have a different application process to the projects starting in October 2025. You will need to apply directly to the University of Bath for these two projects. More info on this process can be found by clicking the project link below.
Accelerating Industrial Decarbonisation: A Focus on Dispersed High-Energy Use Sites
Lead supervisor: Prof. Marcelle McManus
Project partner: British Sugar
For more info: GIF CDT: Accelerating Industrial Decarbonisation: A Focus on Dispersed High-Energy Use Sites at University of Bath on FindAPhD.com
Project partner: British Sugar
For more info: GIF CDT: Accelerating Industrial Decarbonisation: A Focus on Dispersed High-Energy Use Sites at University of Bath on FindAPhD.com
Public perceptions of carbon capture & storage (CCS)
Lead supervisor: Prof. Lorraine Whitmarsh
Project partner: RWE
For more info: GIF CDT: Public perceptions of carbon capture & storage (CCS) at University of Bath on FindAPhD.com
Project partner: RWE
For more info: GIF CDT: Public perceptions of carbon capture & storage (CCS) at University of Bath on FindAPhD.com
Projects starting in Oct 2025
If interested in applying for any of the projects listed below, please refer to the ‘How to Apply‘ page.
Heriot-Watt University Projects
Projects available for UK and international students:
Green hydrogen and sustainable fuels/chemicals
Advancing Sustainable Polymer Biodegradation through Flow Chemistry and Real-Time Monitoring
Lead supervisor: Dr Marc Little, Dr Filipe Vilela
Project partner: BASF
This PhD studentship seeks to build on successful proof-of-concept studies on polymer biodegradation conducted in collaboration with BASF and Heriot-Watt University. The initial study utilised advanced flow chemistry techniques to accelerate the biodegradation of polymers, employing size exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to monitor degradation in real time. The PhD research will expand on these findings by investigating the biodegradation of additional polymer systems under varied conditions using a digital flow technology platform that will be developed over the project. The student will use this platform to refine the understanding of degradation pathways and by-product formation, further exploring the carbon-related impact of polymer breakdown. The PhD student will gain expertise in flow chemistry, real-time reaction monitoring, and advanced data analysis, collaborating closely with BASF to translate academic findings into practical applications. This research will advance sustainable chemical manufacturing practices, reinforce the HWU-BASF partnership, and position the student at the forefront of eco-friendly polymer research.
Project partner: BASF
This PhD studentship seeks to build on successful proof-of-concept studies on polymer biodegradation conducted in collaboration with BASF and Heriot-Watt University. The initial study utilised advanced flow chemistry techniques to accelerate the biodegradation of polymers, employing size exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to monitor degradation in real time. The PhD research will expand on these findings by investigating the biodegradation of additional polymer systems under varied conditions using a digital flow technology platform that will be developed over the project. The student will use this platform to refine the understanding of degradation pathways and by-product formation, further exploring the carbon-related impact of polymer breakdown. The PhD student will gain expertise in flow chemistry, real-time reaction monitoring, and advanced data analysis, collaborating closely with BASF to translate academic findings into practical applications. This research will advance sustainable chemical manufacturing practices, reinforce the HWU-BASF partnership, and position the student at the forefront of eco-friendly polymer research.
Please note that Heriot-Watt can only accept UK-students for the following projects:
Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage
Developing high fidelity co-adsorption measurements for adsorbent based carbon capture
Lead supervisor: Dr. Mijndert van der Spek
Project partner: Surface Measurement Systems
This is an experimental studentship in CO2 capture adsorption science in collaboration with instrument developer Surface Measurement Systems. Adsorbent-based carbon capture is an important means to reduce CO2 emissions from hard-to-abate industrial sectors and/or remove CO2 from the air. This type of technology needs to operate in real flue gases or air, where streams are made up of multiple components, critically nitrogen and water. Heriot Watt and Surface Measurement Systems have developed pioneering CO2-water co-adsorption measurement techniques, appropriate for certain adsorbent materials, while not for all. This studentship focuses on improving the existing analytical methods to achieve high-fidelity CO2-nitrogen-water co-adsorption measurements for a wide range of CO2 capture materials, critical to inform the rational design and optimisation of high-performing CO2 capture processes.
Project partner: Surface Measurement Systems
This is an experimental studentship in CO2 capture adsorption science in collaboration with instrument developer Surface Measurement Systems. Adsorbent-based carbon capture is an important means to reduce CO2 emissions from hard-to-abate industrial sectors and/or remove CO2 from the air. This type of technology needs to operate in real flue gases or air, where streams are made up of multiple components, critically nitrogen and water. Heriot Watt and Surface Measurement Systems have developed pioneering CO2-water co-adsorption measurement techniques, appropriate for certain adsorbent materials, while not for all. This studentship focuses on improving the existing analytical methods to achieve high-fidelity CO2-nitrogen-water co-adsorption measurements for a wide range of CO2 capture materials, critical to inform the rational design and optimisation of high-performing CO2 capture processes.
Advancing sensing technology for CCUS applications
Lead supervisor: Prof. Mercedes Maroto-Valer
Project partner: TUV-SUD
Accurate knowledge of CO2 streams density is vital across the CCUS chain, impacting engineering design, pipeline safety, reservoir management, and financial settlements. Unlike natural gas, which has a constant composition, CO2 streams are project specific and contain over 20 impurities across gas, liquid, and supercritical phases, complicating the development of an accurate and generalisable density Equation of State model (EoS). This is especially challenging near the critical point and the Widom line, where there are large gradients in fluid properties.
Current research suggests directly measuring the density of CO2-rich mixtures due to the limitations of existing EoS models. This project aims to develop two advanced methodologies for accurate and cost-effective CO2 density measurement. One approach combines stream speed of sound, pressure, temperature, and permittivity measurements, while the second integrates pressure, temperature, and speed of sound measurements with isentropic exponent predications from advanced EoS models. Both approaches are designed to be accurate, cost-effective, and easily deployable, as they utilize inputs — such as speed of sound, temperature, and pressure—already available from the existing commercial ultrasonic flow meters typically deployed across the transportation chain.
If successful, this methodology could be implemented in industrial settings with minimal hardware modifications, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of CCUS technology deployment. Moreover, it has the potential to be applied to any other fluid including biogas, hydrogen, and ammonia.
Project partner: TUV-SUD
Accurate knowledge of CO2 streams density is vital across the CCUS chain, impacting engineering design, pipeline safety, reservoir management, and financial settlements. Unlike natural gas, which has a constant composition, CO2 streams are project specific and contain over 20 impurities across gas, liquid, and supercritical phases, complicating the development of an accurate and generalisable density Equation of State model (EoS). This is especially challenging near the critical point and the Widom line, where there are large gradients in fluid properties.
Current research suggests directly measuring the density of CO2-rich mixtures due to the limitations of existing EoS models. This project aims to develop two advanced methodologies for accurate and cost-effective CO2 density measurement. One approach combines stream speed of sound, pressure, temperature, and permittivity measurements, while the second integrates pressure, temperature, and speed of sound measurements with isentropic exponent predications from advanced EoS models. Both approaches are designed to be accurate, cost-effective, and easily deployable, as they utilize inputs — such as speed of sound, temperature, and pressure—already available from the existing commercial ultrasonic flow meters typically deployed across the transportation chain.
If successful, this methodology could be implemented in industrial settings with minimal hardware modifications, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of CCUS technology deployment. Moreover, it has the potential to be applied to any other fluid including biogas, hydrogen, and ammonia.
Deep removal of CO2 from industrial sources using innovative electrification concepts
Lead supervisor: Prof Susana Garcia
Project partner: Not yet determined
This project will explore deep removal of CO2 from industrial sources (i.e., CO2 capture rates higher than 95%) and will focus on the development and assessment of novel electrochemical-regeneration methods that can be coupled to amine-based carbon capture technologies.
Project partner: Not yet determined
This project will explore deep removal of CO2 from industrial sources (i.e., CO2 capture rates higher than 95%) and will focus on the development and assessment of novel electrochemical-regeneration methods that can be coupled to amine-based carbon capture technologies.
Green hydrogen and sustainable fuels/chemicals
Legacy Wells: A critical component of repurposing oil and gas infrastructure for underground hydrogen storage
Lead supervisor: Dr Omid Shahrokhi, Prof. John Andresen
Project partner: Not yet determined
The transition to a low-carbon energy system requires innovative solutions to repurpose existing infrastructure. This project explores how legacy oil and gas wells can be transformed into safe and efficient sites for underground hydrogen storage (UHS), a crucial component of renewable energy integration and decarbonization efforts. The focus is on assessing the integrity and suitability of legacy wells, addressing key challenges such as material compatibility with hydrogen, leakage risks, and pressure containment. The project will evaluate retrofitting techniques, advanced monitoring systems, and develop practical frameworks to ensure safe operations. Through analysis of existing field data, laboratory experiments, and computational modelling, this research aims to deliver actionable insights into the technical and regulatory requirements for repurposing legacy wells. By leveraging existing oil and gas assets, this work offers a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative to developing new storage infrastructure.
This project contributes to the energy transition by facilitating large-scale hydrogen adoption, supporting industrial decarbonization, and enabling renewable energy storage. It also aligns with net-zero objectives, reduces environmental impact, and ensures legacy infrastructure plays a critical role in building a clean energy future. Join this pioneering effort to bridge traditional energy practices and sustainable innovation, ensuring a resilient and decarbonized energy system.
Project partner: Not yet determined
The transition to a low-carbon energy system requires innovative solutions to repurpose existing infrastructure. This project explores how legacy oil and gas wells can be transformed into safe and efficient sites for underground hydrogen storage (UHS), a crucial component of renewable energy integration and decarbonization efforts. The focus is on assessing the integrity and suitability of legacy wells, addressing key challenges such as material compatibility with hydrogen, leakage risks, and pressure containment. The project will evaluate retrofitting techniques, advanced monitoring systems, and develop practical frameworks to ensure safe operations. Through analysis of existing field data, laboratory experiments, and computational modelling, this research aims to deliver actionable insights into the technical and regulatory requirements for repurposing legacy wells. By leveraging existing oil and gas assets, this work offers a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative to developing new storage infrastructure.
This project contributes to the energy transition by facilitating large-scale hydrogen adoption, supporting industrial decarbonization, and enabling renewable energy storage. It also aligns with net-zero objectives, reduces environmental impact, and ensures legacy infrastructure plays a critical role in building a clean energy future. Join this pioneering effort to bridge traditional energy practices and sustainable innovation, ensuring a resilient and decarbonized energy system.
Systems integration
Transforming waste to added value products and green energy by MagIC (Magnetic Induction Catalysis)
Lead supervisor: Prof John Andresen & Dr Manuel Ojeda
Project partner: Not yet determined
The amount of industrial waste has been increasing worldwide along with the global population, being considered as a main concern due to the impact not only to the environment but also to the human health and economy. This project will be focused on transform this industrial waste into added value products and green energy carriers by the utilisation of an energy efficient Magnetic Induction Catalytic system recently developed by our group. The project will aim to develop and test new magnetic catalysts based on earth-abundant and inexpensive transition metals such as Nickel, Cobalt and Iron as active supported nanoparticles. The textural and structural properties of the synthesised magnetic catalysis will be then studied and analysed by using different techniques such as X-ray, BET sorption analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy, among others. Then, they will be tested in different reactions at different conditions in order to obtain specific added value products and energy carriers such as Hydrogen or Biofuels, which will help to transit to a circular economy.
Project partner: Not yet determined
The amount of industrial waste has been increasing worldwide along with the global population, being considered as a main concern due to the impact not only to the environment but also to the human health and economy. This project will be focused on transform this industrial waste into added value products and green energy carriers by the utilisation of an energy efficient Magnetic Induction Catalytic system recently developed by our group. The project will aim to develop and test new magnetic catalysts based on earth-abundant and inexpensive transition metals such as Nickel, Cobalt and Iron as active supported nanoparticles. The textural and structural properties of the synthesised magnetic catalysis will be then studied and analysed by using different techniques such as X-ray, BET sorption analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy, among others. Then, they will be tested in different reactions at different conditions in order to obtain specific added value products and energy carriers such as Hydrogen or Biofuels, which will help to transit to a circular economy.
CO2 removals
Could in service life concrete carbonation lead to negative emissions?
Lead supervisor: Prof Phil Renforth
Project partner: Not yet determined
Concrete is a fundamental building material essential to economic development and a substantial contributor to greenhouse gas emissions during its production. Concrete reacts with atmospheric CO2 in all parts of its life cycle (during use, following demolition, and subsequent use). Accounting for passive CO2 uptake during the service life, and maximising uptake following demolition, together with deep emissions reduction in the production of cement could result in a net negative CO2 emission during its life cycle. This PhD project will explore this vital in-service life carbonation of concrete and its possible use for creating a net-negative carbon footprint.
Project partner: Not yet determined
Concrete is a fundamental building material essential to economic development and a substantial contributor to greenhouse gas emissions during its production. Concrete reacts with atmospheric CO2 in all parts of its life cycle (during use, following demolition, and subsequent use). Accounting for passive CO2 uptake during the service life, and maximising uptake following demolition, together with deep emissions reduction in the production of cement could result in a net negative CO2 emission during its life cycle. This PhD project will explore this vital in-service life carbonation of concrete and its possible use for creating a net-negative carbon footprint.
Imperial College London Projects
Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage
Utilisation of captured CO2 as a sustainable feedstock for chemicals production using microwave-assisted plasmolysis coupled with downstream gas separation
Lead Supervisor: Dr Chris Tighe
Project partner: BASF
The global chemicals industry currently embeds ~450 MT of carbon (C) in its products (the majority from fossil feedstocks) compared to ~37 GT C emitted worldwide as CO2. Captured CO2 can be split into CO and O2 using electrically-driven plasmas, which are well-suited to the intermittent availability of renewable energy (e.g. wind and solar). The gases must be separated to produce a high purity CO steam for chemical synthesis, remove the O2 (which may be useful in other processes) and recycle unconverted CO2 to the plasma. In this project you will: (1) construct process flowsheets, mass and energy balances to benchmark the economic and environmental performance of the plasma-based process against alternative routes e.g. electrified reverse water gas shift and Topsoe’s eCOs process; (2) develop detailed computational models (e.g. using COMSOL Multiphysics) of the plasma reactor and gas separation system, and (3) optimise the CO2 conversion and separation efficiency using a reaction engineering approach. You will be based at Imperial College London and will have the opportunity to work alongside other researchers at Imperial (e.g. to assist in experimentally validating your models), industrial sponsors BASF, and the Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER).
Project partner: BASF
The global chemicals industry currently embeds ~450 MT of carbon (C) in its products (the majority from fossil feedstocks) compared to ~37 GT C emitted worldwide as CO2. Captured CO2 can be split into CO and O2 using electrically-driven plasmas, which are well-suited to the intermittent availability of renewable energy (e.g. wind and solar). The gases must be separated to produce a high purity CO steam for chemical synthesis, remove the O2 (which may be useful in other processes) and recycle unconverted CO2 to the plasma. In this project you will: (1) construct process flowsheets, mass and energy balances to benchmark the economic and environmental performance of the plasma-based process against alternative routes e.g. electrified reverse water gas shift and Topsoe’s eCOs process; (2) develop detailed computational models (e.g. using COMSOL Multiphysics) of the plasma reactor and gas separation system, and (3) optimise the CO2 conversion and separation efficiency using a reaction engineering approach. You will be based at Imperial College London and will have the opportunity to work alongside other researchers at Imperial (e.g. to assist in experimentally validating your models), industrial sponsors BASF, and the Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER).
Process and CFD model development and validation of the Calix Core Flash Technology
Lead Supervisor: Prof. Paul Fennell
Project partner: Calix
The project will model novel calciners and calcination technology to enable the calix low emissions lime and cement technology and their new zero emissions iron and steel technology (ZESTY). The work will be a combination of CFD models and e.g. ASPEN modelling.
Project partner: Calix
The project will model novel calciners and calcination technology to enable the calix low emissions lime and cement technology and their new zero emissions iron and steel technology (ZESTY). The work will be a combination of CFD models and e.g. ASPEN modelling.
Development and optimisation of highly reactive Calix flash calciner derived CO2 capture sorbents
Lead Supervisor: Prof. Paul Fennell
Project partner: Calix
Calix flash calciner technology can be used to produce extremely high surface area materials with a variety of unique properties. Here, we will study materials produced by Calix in their pilot and larger scale facilities, and their potential to to either catalyse or otherwise improve the water-gas-shift reaction, or to capture CO2 from ambient air. This will be an experimental project.
Project partner: Calix
Calix flash calciner technology can be used to produce extremely high surface area materials with a variety of unique properties. Here, we will study materials produced by Calix in their pilot and larger scale facilities, and their potential to to either catalyse or otherwise improve the water-gas-shift reaction, or to capture CO2 from ambient air. This will be an experimental project.
Modelling CO2 flow and trapping at industrial carbon storage sites
Lead Supervisor: Prof. Samuel Krevor
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
The goal of this project is to overcome the outstanding issues preventing the accurate modelling of injected CO2 migration and trapping at industrial scale storage projects. Currently modelling of CO2 storage sites is challenging, with CO2 observed to move in directions and at speeds that are not predicted through conventional simulation workflows. Advances made in the Subsurface CO2 Storage Research group have identified that the source of these discrepancies are due to small scale heterogeneities in the reservoir systems. In this project, the student will advance methods for characterising the reservoir and/or simulating CO2 storage in a way that accounts for the impacts of realistic rock structures.
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
The goal of this project is to overcome the outstanding issues preventing the accurate modelling of injected CO2 migration and trapping at industrial scale storage projects. Currently modelling of CO2 storage sites is challenging, with CO2 observed to move in directions and at speeds that are not predicted through conventional simulation workflows. Advances made in the Subsurface CO2 Storage Research group have identified that the source of these discrepancies are due to small scale heterogeneities in the reservoir systems. In this project, the student will advance methods for characterising the reservoir and/or simulating CO2 storage in a way that accounts for the impacts of realistic rock structures.
Global CO2 storage capacity: Modelling limitations of geography and injectivity
Lead Supervisor: Prof. Samuel Krevor
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
The importance of carbon capture and storage in the mitigation of climate changes arises from the potential capacity for the injection of large volumes of CO2 into suitable subsurface geologic formations. The assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimate that in the average of scenarios where CO2 concentration is stabilised at 450 ppm by 2100, storage demand approaches 15 Gt CO2 per year by 2050. However, these modelled estimates disregard potential limitations to achieving these rates and volumes of storage from either the geographic availability of subsurface storage reservoirs, or the pressure limitations to allowable rates of injection. The PhD project will extend a suite of models developed in our research group to continue to evaluate the potential for geographic and reservoir injectivity constraints to lead to bottlenecks in the development of large scale CO2 storage globally. Ultimately, we will construct models for plausible development trajectories that may be incorporated into energy systems models of the type used by the IPCC to outline techno-economic pathways for mitigating climate change.
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
The importance of carbon capture and storage in the mitigation of climate changes arises from the potential capacity for the injection of large volumes of CO2 into suitable subsurface geologic formations. The assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimate that in the average of scenarios where CO2 concentration is stabilised at 450 ppm by 2100, storage demand approaches 15 Gt CO2 per year by 2050. However, these modelled estimates disregard potential limitations to achieving these rates and volumes of storage from either the geographic availability of subsurface storage reservoirs, or the pressure limitations to allowable rates of injection. The PhD project will extend a suite of models developed in our research group to continue to evaluate the potential for geographic and reservoir injectivity constraints to lead to bottlenecks in the development of large scale CO2 storage globally. Ultimately, we will construct models for plausible development trajectories that may be incorporated into energy systems models of the type used by the IPCC to outline techno-economic pathways for mitigating climate change.
Next-Generation Solvents for Post-Combustion Carbon Capture
Lead Supervisor: Prof. J P Martin Trusler
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
Post-combustion CO2 capture is a relatively mature technology with enormous potential for reducing emissions from industrial and power-generation processes. However, high capital and operating costs call for further research to develop better solvents and optimised process conditions. This project will focus on characterising the key physical and chemical properties of next-generation carbon-capture solvents including both water-lean amines and accelerated amino acid salt solutions. Characterisation will include measuring the equilibrium CO2 absorption capacity of the solvent as a function of CO2 partial pressure and temperature, as well as the kinetics of the absorption process. Additional properties, such as viscosity, that influence mass transfer will also be studies experimentally. Well-founded thermodynamic and kinetic models will be developed for the systems studied. Process simulations will then be used to determine the multi-criteria benefits of next-generation solvent systems as well as the optimal process conditions for their use. The expected outcomes include comprehensive thermodynamic and kinetic characterisation of the performance of several alternative solvent systems, and new insights into the optimal configuration and operational parameters for CO2 capture processes.
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
Post-combustion CO2 capture is a relatively mature technology with enormous potential for reducing emissions from industrial and power-generation processes. However, high capital and operating costs call for further research to develop better solvents and optimised process conditions. This project will focus on characterising the key physical and chemical properties of next-generation carbon-capture solvents including both water-lean amines and accelerated amino acid salt solutions. Characterisation will include measuring the equilibrium CO2 absorption capacity of the solvent as a function of CO2 partial pressure and temperature, as well as the kinetics of the absorption process. Additional properties, such as viscosity, that influence mass transfer will also be studies experimentally. Well-founded thermodynamic and kinetic models will be developed for the systems studied. Process simulations will then be used to determine the multi-criteria benefits of next-generation solvent systems as well as the optimal process conditions for their use. The expected outcomes include comprehensive thermodynamic and kinetic characterisation of the performance of several alternative solvent systems, and new insights into the optimal configuration and operational parameters for CO2 capture processes.
Green hydrogen and sustainable fuels/chemicals
Bipolar membrane zero-gap electrolyzer for CO2 reduction to sustainable fuels and chemicals
Lead Supervisor: Prof. Qilei Song
Project partner: Schlumberger
Electrochemical CO2 conversion is an emerging technology for production of sustainable fuels and chemicals. However, state-of-the-art CO2 electrolysers based on anion exchange membranes (AEMs) suffer from (bi)carbonate crossover, leading to low CO2 utilization. Bipolar membranes (BPMs) have emerged as a promising solution for electrochemical CO2 conversion. The BPM comprises a cation-exchange layer (CEL) and an anion-exchange layer (AEL), with water dissociation catalysts at their interface splitting water into protons and hydroxides. As a result, the BPM can inherently maintain different reaction environments for CO2 reduction and O2 evolution while limiting ion crossover. However, the industrial implementation of BPM-based zero-gap electrolyzer is limited by the poor CO2 reduction performance. Recent studies have shown that optimizing the catalyst, ion transport within the membrane and catalyst layers play a pivotal role in improving the performance. This PhD project will investigate bipolar membrane CO2 electrochemical conversion technology by combining the latest development of bipolar membranes and electrocatalysts. This builds on the group’s development of bipolar membranes with both high conductivity and fast water dissociation kinetics. The project will develop low-cost catalysts active in acidic media, which can decrease the cell potential by mitigating the pH gradient between the CEL and catalyst layer. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) will be fabricated and integrated in a zero-gap flow cell electrolyser. The performance of CO2 electrolysis will be evaluated, such as CO2 conversion kinetics, selectivity, and utilisation efficiency. By optimising the key components and the reaction conditions, we aim to achieve efficient and stable CO2 utilization.
Project partner: Schlumberger
Electrochemical CO2 conversion is an emerging technology for production of sustainable fuels and chemicals. However, state-of-the-art CO2 electrolysers based on anion exchange membranes (AEMs) suffer from (bi)carbonate crossover, leading to low CO2 utilization. Bipolar membranes (BPMs) have emerged as a promising solution for electrochemical CO2 conversion. The BPM comprises a cation-exchange layer (CEL) and an anion-exchange layer (AEL), with water dissociation catalysts at their interface splitting water into protons and hydroxides. As a result, the BPM can inherently maintain different reaction environments for CO2 reduction and O2 evolution while limiting ion crossover. However, the industrial implementation of BPM-based zero-gap electrolyzer is limited by the poor CO2 reduction performance. Recent studies have shown that optimizing the catalyst, ion transport within the membrane and catalyst layers play a pivotal role in improving the performance. This PhD project will investigate bipolar membrane CO2 electrochemical conversion technology by combining the latest development of bipolar membranes and electrocatalysts. This builds on the group’s development of bipolar membranes with both high conductivity and fast water dissociation kinetics. The project will develop low-cost catalysts active in acidic media, which can decrease the cell potential by mitigating the pH gradient between the CEL and catalyst layer. Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) will be fabricated and integrated in a zero-gap flow cell electrolyser. The performance of CO2 electrolysis will be evaluated, such as CO2 conversion kinetics, selectivity, and utilisation efficiency. By optimising the key components and the reaction conditions, we aim to achieve efficient and stable CO2 utilization.
Photovoltaic-electrocatalytic integrated devices for solar chemicals
Lead Supervisor: Dr Salvador Eslava
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
This PhD studentship, supported by its industrial partners, aims to harness solar energy for producing valuable chemicals, such as hydrogen and ethylene, from small molecules like carbon dioxide and water. By developing advanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, the project will integrate photovoltaic absorbers, specifically halide perovskites, with innovative catalysts to enable integrated solar devices for highly efficient clean chemical production. Halide perovskites offer exceptional optoelectronic properties but face challenges with stability in aqueous environments, essential for solar fuel production. The student will explore protective strategies using carbon allotropes and electrochemically stable metal layers to enhance both stability and catalytic efficiency. By aligning device architecture and reaction pathways, the project will mitigate degradation, voltage losses, and improve long-term performance. The project will involve experimental syntheses, wide characterization with advanced techniques such as microscopies and spectroscopies, and tests under simulated sunlight.
Through novel approaches, this interdisciplinary work will provide extensive training in cutting-edge solar technologies. The collaboration with industry partners will ensure scalability, commercial viability, and real-world application. The developed technologies will support the UK’s transition to net-zero emissions, while driving sustainable innovation across sectors.
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
This PhD studentship, supported by its industrial partners, aims to harness solar energy for producing valuable chemicals, such as hydrogen and ethylene, from small molecules like carbon dioxide and water. By developing advanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, the project will integrate photovoltaic absorbers, specifically halide perovskites, with innovative catalysts to enable integrated solar devices for highly efficient clean chemical production. Halide perovskites offer exceptional optoelectronic properties but face challenges with stability in aqueous environments, essential for solar fuel production. The student will explore protective strategies using carbon allotropes and electrochemically stable metal layers to enhance both stability and catalytic efficiency. By aligning device architecture and reaction pathways, the project will mitigate degradation, voltage losses, and improve long-term performance. The project will involve experimental syntheses, wide characterization with advanced techniques such as microscopies and spectroscopies, and tests under simulated sunlight.
Through novel approaches, this interdisciplinary work will provide extensive training in cutting-edge solar technologies. The collaboration with industry partners will ensure scalability, commercial viability, and real-world application. The developed technologies will support the UK’s transition to net-zero emissions, while driving sustainable innovation across sectors.
Understanding the physical properties of hydrogen for industrial applications
Lead Supervisor: Prof. J P Martin Trusler
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
Accurate thermophysical properties of hydrogen and of various hydrogen-rich mixtures are essential for engineering tasks such as process design and fiscal flow metering. While other gaseous systems (such as natural gas) have been well studied, hydrogen and its mixtures with other gases are less well understood. There exists major gaps in the literature concerning experimental data for these properties and hence the available models are not properly validated. The project aims to address these issues. The objective of the project is to determine a consistent set of experimentally-validated models for predicting the thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen-rich mixtures under the conditions encountered in hydrogen production, transportation and storage. New experimental measurements will be combined with data available in the literature and used to enhance and/or validate at least one thermodynamic model and a set of well-founded transport-property models. Strong emphasis will be placed on new experimental measurement of the speed of sound to fill key gaps in the literature; these will require innovations in measurement science. Additional measurements of viscosity and thermal conductivity will also be made using state-of-the-art bespoke equipment: a vibrating-wire viscometer and a transient-hot-wire thermal conductivity cell. The modelling work is expected to be based mainly on multi-parameter equations of state coupled with the residual-entropy model for transport properties.
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
Accurate thermophysical properties of hydrogen and of various hydrogen-rich mixtures are essential for engineering tasks such as process design and fiscal flow metering. While other gaseous systems (such as natural gas) have been well studied, hydrogen and its mixtures with other gases are less well understood. There exists major gaps in the literature concerning experimental data for these properties and hence the available models are not properly validated. The project aims to address these issues. The objective of the project is to determine a consistent set of experimentally-validated models for predicting the thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen-rich mixtures under the conditions encountered in hydrogen production, transportation and storage. New experimental measurements will be combined with data available in the literature and used to enhance and/or validate at least one thermodynamic model and a set of well-founded transport-property models. Strong emphasis will be placed on new experimental measurement of the speed of sound to fill key gaps in the literature; these will require innovations in measurement science. Additional measurements of viscosity and thermal conductivity will also be made using state-of-the-art bespoke equipment: a vibrating-wire viscometer and a transient-hot-wire thermal conductivity cell. The modelling work is expected to be based mainly on multi-parameter equations of state coupled with the residual-entropy model for transport properties.
Systems integration
Decarbonising chemical value chains via artificial intelligence agents
Lead Supervisor: Dr Antonio del Rio Chanona
Project partner: BASF
This research proposal aims to identify new platform chemicals that can decarbonize the chemical value chains in the UK and Europe by leveraging AI agents. The overarching project consists of two phases:
Phase 1: Status Quo Analysis: The first phase involves collecting data on the current gas emissions and sustainable goals on the chemical value chains, focusing on identifying chemicals with the highest carbon footprint. The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) will prioritize not only costs and production volumes but also environmental impact, with a focus on chemicals that offer the greatest potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Chemicals will be selected based on their potential to support sustainability and decarbonization objectives.
Phase 2: AI Agent Development and Optimization: In the second phase, AI agents will be developed to assess the environmental and economic impact of introducing new platform chemicals. These agents will identify chemicals that reduce emissions during production, optimize energy consumption, and explore less energy-intensive reactions. The AI agents (most likely Large Language Models (LLMs)) will autonomously build and optimize various chemical pathways, recommending chemicals that minimize emissions and lower energy use.
By integrating AI into chemical process optimization, we can significantly reduce emissions and contribute to the decarbonization of its value chains, advancing both process efficiency and sustainability in the chemical industry. This AI-driven approach will help meet global sustainability targets while enhancing overall operational efficiency.
This project will be in collaboration with BASF who have pledged match funding as well as data and research expertise.
Project partner: BASF
This research proposal aims to identify new platform chemicals that can decarbonize the chemical value chains in the UK and Europe by leveraging AI agents. The overarching project consists of two phases:
Phase 1: Status Quo Analysis: The first phase involves collecting data on the current gas emissions and sustainable goals on the chemical value chains, focusing on identifying chemicals with the highest carbon footprint. The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) will prioritize not only costs and production volumes but also environmental impact, with a focus on chemicals that offer the greatest potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Chemicals will be selected based on their potential to support sustainability and decarbonization objectives.
Phase 2: AI Agent Development and Optimization: In the second phase, AI agents will be developed to assess the environmental and economic impact of introducing new platform chemicals. These agents will identify chemicals that reduce emissions during production, optimize energy consumption, and explore less energy-intensive reactions. The AI agents (most likely Large Language Models (LLMs)) will autonomously build and optimize various chemical pathways, recommending chemicals that minimize emissions and lower energy use.
By integrating AI into chemical process optimization, we can significantly reduce emissions and contribute to the decarbonization of its value chains, advancing both process efficiency and sustainability in the chemical industry. This AI-driven approach will help meet global sustainability targets while enhancing overall operational efficiency.
This project will be in collaboration with BASF who have pledged match funding as well as data and research expertise.
University of Bath’s Projects
Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage
Net Zero: One-Pot chemical vapor deposition synthesis of high-performance membrane for CO2 capture
Lead Supervisor: Dr Shiqi Huang; Dr Matthew Cole
Project partner: Not yet determined
Net Zero is essential for tackling climate change and securing a sustainable future. A major challenge lies in developing environmentally friendly and cost-effective CO₂ capture technologies to proactively tackle large-scale industrial carbon emissions. With a global market of 3.5B USD in 2024 and a CAGR of 19%, carbon capture and sequestration technologies have been identified as one of the few truly impactful technologies that are capable of halting and even reversing global warming.
This CDT project at the University of Bath will utilise one-pot chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods to synthesize atomically thin graphene membranes that will form the basis of new-generation energy-efficient membranes for CO2 capture. Our previous studies on this type of membrane have demonstrated its exceptional energy efficiency in CO₂ capture. With single-atom-thick molecular barriers, these graphene membranes can significantly reduce the energy required for separation whilst simultaneously minimizing the membrane area required. Nevertheless, existing fabrication methods, such as the perforation of nanopores in graphene lattice followed by functionalization, remain complex and are ultimately not feasible for large-scale industrial manufacturing at commercially viable scales. To overcome these limitations, this project will explore the use of an innovative one-pot CVD synthesis method to produce high-performance membranes in a single step, using a precisely engineered plasma-enhanced CVD process. This approach aims to simplify the fabrication process and pave the way for future scalable, industrial production of energy- and cost-efficient membranes for carbon capture.
Project partner: Not yet determined
Net Zero is essential for tackling climate change and securing a sustainable future. A major challenge lies in developing environmentally friendly and cost-effective CO₂ capture technologies to proactively tackle large-scale industrial carbon emissions. With a global market of 3.5B USD in 2024 and a CAGR of 19%, carbon capture and sequestration technologies have been identified as one of the few truly impactful technologies that are capable of halting and even reversing global warming.
This CDT project at the University of Bath will utilise one-pot chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods to synthesize atomically thin graphene membranes that will form the basis of new-generation energy-efficient membranes for CO2 capture. Our previous studies on this type of membrane have demonstrated its exceptional energy efficiency in CO₂ capture. With single-atom-thick molecular barriers, these graphene membranes can significantly reduce the energy required for separation whilst simultaneously minimizing the membrane area required. Nevertheless, existing fabrication methods, such as the perforation of nanopores in graphene lattice followed by functionalization, remain complex and are ultimately not feasible for large-scale industrial manufacturing at commercially viable scales. To overcome these limitations, this project will explore the use of an innovative one-pot CVD synthesis method to produce high-performance membranes in a single step, using a precisely engineered plasma-enhanced CVD process. This approach aims to simplify the fabrication process and pave the way for future scalable, industrial production of energy- and cost-efficient membranes for carbon capture.
Green hydrogen and sustainable fuels/chemicals
Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxides from Flue Gases for Ammonia Production
Lead Supervisor: Dr Ming Xie
Project partner: Not yet determined
Nitric Oxides (NOx) is one of the main pollutants that cause acid rain, photochemical smog and other damages to the ecological environment and human health. Considering environmental governance and resource utilization comprehensively, the catalytic conversion of NOx pollutants into ammonia could solve environmental pollution problems in the context of green and low-carbon circular development. Ammonia is not only an essential raw material for fertilizers and an indispensable precursor in chemical industrial processes, but also a highly promising clean hydrogen energy carrier and a high-energy-density fuel. Today, the industrial synthesis of ammonia still relies on the traditional energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process with high CO2 emitter. Therefore, the development of an efficient, green, and environmentally friendly catalytic reduction technology for NOx to ammonia is urgently needed. Electrocatalytic NOx reduction reaction (NORR) is an energy-saving process driven by renewable electricity from solar or wind energy, which could operate under mild conditions with low energy consumption compared to the Haber-Bosch process. However, access to efficient electrocatalysts with high yield and selectivity is still limited by the weaker NOx adsorption and protons supply capability.
The aim of this project is to develop efficient electrocatalysts for the conversion of NOx into ammonia. It will design and prepare MXene-based self-supported thin films catalyst modified with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), coupling the catalytic effect of MXene metal sites with the heteroatom adsorption effect of COFs on NOx. The self-supporting films structure was also introduced to strengthen mass transfer and effectively improved the efficiency of ammonia production. This project will establish the preparation strategy of MXene-based self-supported films with adjustable structure composition and interface properties, clarify the influence of catalyst interface structure and electronic effect on the performance of electrochemical ammonia synthesis, lay a scientific foundation for the deep purification of NOx and the mechanism of catalytic reduction of ammonia synthesis.
Project partner: Not yet determined
Nitric Oxides (NOx) is one of the main pollutants that cause acid rain, photochemical smog and other damages to the ecological environment and human health. Considering environmental governance and resource utilization comprehensively, the catalytic conversion of NOx pollutants into ammonia could solve environmental pollution problems in the context of green and low-carbon circular development. Ammonia is not only an essential raw material for fertilizers and an indispensable precursor in chemical industrial processes, but also a highly promising clean hydrogen energy carrier and a high-energy-density fuel. Today, the industrial synthesis of ammonia still relies on the traditional energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process with high CO2 emitter. Therefore, the development of an efficient, green, and environmentally friendly catalytic reduction technology for NOx to ammonia is urgently needed. Electrocatalytic NOx reduction reaction (NORR) is an energy-saving process driven by renewable electricity from solar or wind energy, which could operate under mild conditions with low energy consumption compared to the Haber-Bosch process. However, access to efficient electrocatalysts with high yield and selectivity is still limited by the weaker NOx adsorption and protons supply capability.
The aim of this project is to develop efficient electrocatalysts for the conversion of NOx into ammonia. It will design and prepare MXene-based self-supported thin films catalyst modified with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), coupling the catalytic effect of MXene metal sites with the heteroatom adsorption effect of COFs on NOx. The self-supporting films structure was also introduced to strengthen mass transfer and effectively improved the efficiency of ammonia production. This project will establish the preparation strategy of MXene-based self-supported films with adjustable structure composition and interface properties, clarify the influence of catalyst interface structure and electronic effect on the performance of electrochemical ammonia synthesis, lay a scientific foundation for the deep purification of NOx and the mechanism of catalytic reduction of ammonia synthesis.
Scaling up low-carbon H2 production via integrated photo(electro)catalytic and cavitation based systems
Lead Supervisor: Dr Sanjay Nagarajan
Project partner: Not yet determined
This PhD project aims to develop a scalable technology for producing low-carbon green hydrogen from wastewater by combining cavitation and photo(electro)catalytic systems. Green hydrogen is a promising low-carbon fuel that can significantly reduce the carbon footprint across various industries. Traditionally produced through water electrolysis, this method requires highly pure water and critical raw materials, posing limitations due to resource scarcity and a high water footprint (9 kg of water per kg of hydrogen). Researchers have explored alternative methods like photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, but these have yet to become commercially viable.
Project Goals: The project proposes using wastewater as opposed to freshwater as a feedstock for green hydrogen production. By coupling cavitation—a process involving the formation, growth, and collapse of microbubbles—with photo(electro)catalytic systems, the project aims to create a scalable and efficient method for green hydrogen production. Cavitation generates intense localized conditions that treat wastewater and break down complex compounds into simpler electron donors, improves mass transfer and helps clean the catalysts thereby enhancing hydrogen production efficiency.
Collaboration: The candidate will be based in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Bath, working within the Sustainable Energy Systems Research Centre. They will also conduct experiments at Heriot-Watt University in Dr. Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu’s lab and Dr. Nathan Skillen’s lab.
Building on previous proof-of-concept work, this project aims to address scalability challenges and advance the integration of wastewater treatment with green hydrogen production..
Project partner: Not yet determined
This PhD project aims to develop a scalable technology for producing low-carbon green hydrogen from wastewater by combining cavitation and photo(electro)catalytic systems. Green hydrogen is a promising low-carbon fuel that can significantly reduce the carbon footprint across various industries. Traditionally produced through water electrolysis, this method requires highly pure water and critical raw materials, posing limitations due to resource scarcity and a high water footprint (9 kg of water per kg of hydrogen). Researchers have explored alternative methods like photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, but these have yet to become commercially viable.
Project Goals: The project proposes using wastewater as opposed to freshwater as a feedstock for green hydrogen production. By coupling cavitation—a process involving the formation, growth, and collapse of microbubbles—with photo(electro)catalytic systems, the project aims to create a scalable and efficient method for green hydrogen production. Cavitation generates intense localized conditions that treat wastewater and break down complex compounds into simpler electron donors, improves mass transfer and helps clean the catalysts thereby enhancing hydrogen production efficiency.
Collaboration: The candidate will be based in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Bath, working within the Sustainable Energy Systems Research Centre. They will also conduct experiments at Heriot-Watt University in Dr. Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu’s lab and Dr. Nathan Skillen’s lab.
Building on previous proof-of-concept work, this project aims to address scalability challenges and advance the integration of wastewater treatment with green hydrogen production..
Manufacturing functional ceramics for energy applications using low energy sintering methods
Lead Supervisor: Dr James Roscow
Project partner: Not yet determined
Conventional sintering of ceramics requires high temperatures (> 1000 °C) to densify powder preforms and full sintering cycles can take more than 24 hours. As well as being energetically costly, the high temperatures and timescales involved inhibit co-processing of dissimilar materials for electrodes, packaging etc. In the past decade, new techniques have emerged that drastically reduce the temperatures and/or the time required for sintering. These include ‘cold sintering’, where a transient liquid phase aids densification under high pressures (> 250 MPa), moderate temperatures (< 300 °C) and timescales (1-2 hours), and ‘blacklight’ sintering, where the absorption of high-energy light locally heats and densifies ceramics in minutes rather than hours. Whilst the proof-of-principle of these methods has been demonstrated and they are seen as having excellent potential for reducing the energy requirements across ceramic manufacturing industries, functional properties cannot currently compete those of conventionally manufactured materials due to a lack of understanding of the sintering mechanisms. Without this, adequately controlling the manufacturing process, and therefore material properties, is impossible.
This project aims to understand of the mechanisms driving densification in these new low energy methods, which will be used to leverage cold and blacklight sintering to fabricate high performance functional ceramics for energy applications, e.g. fuel cells and solid-state batteries. The reduced temperatures and timescales present exciting opportunities for engineering material properties by forming heterogenous micro- and defect-structures not achievable using conventional processing routes. This will provide a route towards competing with and ultimately outperforming functional ceramics produced by conventional methods.
Project partner: Not yet determined
Conventional sintering of ceramics requires high temperatures (> 1000 °C) to densify powder preforms and full sintering cycles can take more than 24 hours. As well as being energetically costly, the high temperatures and timescales involved inhibit co-processing of dissimilar materials for electrodes, packaging etc. In the past decade, new techniques have emerged that drastically reduce the temperatures and/or the time required for sintering. These include ‘cold sintering’, where a transient liquid phase aids densification under high pressures (> 250 MPa), moderate temperatures (< 300 °C) and timescales (1-2 hours), and ‘blacklight’ sintering, where the absorption of high-energy light locally heats and densifies ceramics in minutes rather than hours. Whilst the proof-of-principle of these methods has been demonstrated and they are seen as having excellent potential for reducing the energy requirements across ceramic manufacturing industries, functional properties cannot currently compete those of conventionally manufactured materials due to a lack of understanding of the sintering mechanisms. Without this, adequately controlling the manufacturing process, and therefore material properties, is impossible.
This project aims to understand of the mechanisms driving densification in these new low energy methods, which will be used to leverage cold and blacklight sintering to fabricate high performance functional ceramics for energy applications, e.g. fuel cells and solid-state batteries. The reduced temperatures and timescales present exciting opportunities for engineering material properties by forming heterogenous micro- and defect-structures not achievable using conventional processing routes. This will provide a route towards competing with and ultimately outperforming functional ceramics produced by conventional methods.
Systems integration
National scale decarbonisation impacts from resource efficiency
Lead Supervisor: Dr Rick Lupton
Project partner: Not yet determined
Resource efficiency can reduce emissions by avoiding waste and making better use of carbon-intensive materials to provide products’ functions. The opportunities are often diffuse and spread across many supply chains and industrial processes, so understanding the flow of materials through industrial systems is essential to understanding the decarbonisation benefits of resource efficiency. However, there is often a mismatch between the level of detail and disaggregation needed to relate to specific technical processes, and the miscellaneous and imperfect data that is available.
This project will develop Material Flow Analysis methods for assessing material flows and process energy requirements and waste streams, at a range of scales (process, plant, regional, national). New analysis methods will allow for probabilistic estimates, given uncertain and incomplete data. These methods will then be applied to understand material flows driving current and decarbonised processes, in specific contexts (which can be based on candidates’ and partners’ interests).
Project partner: Not yet determined
Resource efficiency can reduce emissions by avoiding waste and making better use of carbon-intensive materials to provide products’ functions. The opportunities are often diffuse and spread across many supply chains and industrial processes, so understanding the flow of materials through industrial systems is essential to understanding the decarbonisation benefits of resource efficiency. However, there is often a mismatch between the level of detail and disaggregation needed to relate to specific technical processes, and the miscellaneous and imperfect data that is available.
This project will develop Material Flow Analysis methods for assessing material flows and process energy requirements and waste streams, at a range of scales (process, plant, regional, national). New analysis methods will allow for probabilistic estimates, given uncertain and incomplete data. These methods will then be applied to understand material flows driving current and decarbonised processes, in specific contexts (which can be based on candidates’ and partners’ interests).
Modelling the most sustainable path to achieving zero emissions in industrial processes.
Lead Supervisor: Dr Jenny Baker
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
This PhD project aims to investigate various industrial facilities transitioning to zero emissions, operating under the hypothesis that while electrification, batteries, and demand management will often be the preferred solutions, CCS and H2 will play critical roles in specific industries and hard-to-abate sectors. A key consideration will be Scope 3 emissions (indirect emissions), ensuring that emission reductions are achieved throughout the entire supply chain, rather than merely shifting emissions from one area to another. The goal is to develop a comprehensive model to evaluate the impact of different economic, technical, and geopolitical scenarios, identifying the most sustainable (both economically and environmentally) strategies for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050 and beyond. This model will account for anticipated advancements in technology, policy changes, and economic shifts—such as an increase in recycled battery content, breakthroughs in CCS technology, or fluctuations in raw material prices. Several industry case studies, with projections for the present, 2050, and 2080, will inform the model, including:
• A global steel manufacturer
• A recycling company investing heavily in renewable energy but facing methane emissions from a composting process
• A global brewery with localized manufacturing, each facing distinct challenges
The model will serve as a decision-making tool, guiding future investments for sustainable emissions reductions across these industries.
The model will serve as a decision-making tool, guiding future investments for sustainable emissions reductions across these industries.
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
This PhD project aims to investigate various industrial facilities transitioning to zero emissions, operating under the hypothesis that while electrification, batteries, and demand management will often be the preferred solutions, CCS and H2 will play critical roles in specific industries and hard-to-abate sectors. A key consideration will be Scope 3 emissions (indirect emissions), ensuring that emission reductions are achieved throughout the entire supply chain, rather than merely shifting emissions from one area to another. The goal is to develop a comprehensive model to evaluate the impact of different economic, technical, and geopolitical scenarios, identifying the most sustainable (both economically and environmentally) strategies for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050 and beyond. This model will account for anticipated advancements in technology, policy changes, and economic shifts—such as an increase in recycled battery content, breakthroughs in CCS technology, or fluctuations in raw material prices. Several industry case studies, with projections for the present, 2050, and 2080, will inform the model, including:
• A global steel manufacturer
• A recycling company investing heavily in renewable energy but facing methane emissions from a composting process
• A global brewery with localized manufacturing, each facing distinct challenges
The model will serve as a decision-making tool, guiding future investments for sustainable emissions reductions across these industries.
The model will serve as a decision-making tool, guiding future investments for sustainable emissions reductions across these industries.
Modular Tooling for Reducing Consumables in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Manufacturing
Lead Supervisor: Dr Tim Harrell
Project partner: Not yet determined
The carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) industry is crucial to many advanced sectors due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and durability. However, the manufacturing process involves significant use of consumables, particularly single-use items like vacuum bags and tacky tape, which contribute to both material waste and increased costs. This project aims to address these challenges by developing new modular tooling technologies using silicone sheets, which will replace traditional consumables in processes such as resin infusion. The research will explore the feasibility of creating reusable, adaptable silicone-based tooling system that allows for precise moulding to drastically reducing single-use consumables. The project will focus on both the performance of these modular systems and the practical integration into existing CFRP production lines. By eliminating disposable components, this innovation has the potential to significantly reduce the environmental impact of CFRP manufacturing. A key part of this study will involve re-evaluating the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of CFRP manufacturing, with a focus on how reducing consumables impacts the overall environmental and economic footprint. This work will not only reduce waste and costs in the manufacturing process but also offer an innovative solution to support industries in achieving their sustainability and decarbonisation goals.
Project partner: Not yet determined
The carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) industry is crucial to many advanced sectors due to its high strength-to-weight ratio and durability. However, the manufacturing process involves significant use of consumables, particularly single-use items like vacuum bags and tacky tape, which contribute to both material waste and increased costs. This project aims to address these challenges by developing new modular tooling technologies using silicone sheets, which will replace traditional consumables in processes such as resin infusion. The research will explore the feasibility of creating reusable, adaptable silicone-based tooling system that allows for precise moulding to drastically reducing single-use consumables. The project will focus on both the performance of these modular systems and the practical integration into existing CFRP production lines. By eliminating disposable components, this innovation has the potential to significantly reduce the environmental impact of CFRP manufacturing. A key part of this study will involve re-evaluating the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of CFRP manufacturing, with a focus on how reducing consumables impacts the overall environmental and economic footprint. This work will not only reduce waste and costs in the manufacturing process but also offer an innovative solution to support industries in achieving their sustainability and decarbonisation goals.
CO2 removals
Understanding the genetic building blocks of bacterial induced mineral precipitation in relation to the generation of bioconcrete
Lead Supervisor: Dr Emma Denham
Project partner: Not yet determined
Cement production is responsible for 8% total global CO2 emissions. Reducing these emissions is essential to mitigating the impacts of climate change and achieving global climate goals. However, decarbonization of the cement and concrete industries is proving difficult. One potential solution is to utilize bacteria-based solutions. However, to date biologically derived composites have been shown to be weak and unstable in water making them impractical for most applications. Furthermore, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the process of precipitation is currently limited.
To fill this knowledge gap this project will investigate the genetic basis of novel precipitation of calcium-silica minerals via bacteria-induced mineral precipitation (BIMP) in non-ureolytic bacteria. We will characterise strains that undergo BIMP to ascertain which genes are required for this process, using a combination of complementary techniques including transcriptomic profiling and transposon-mutagenesis. This data will provide two areas for exploration. What are the genes required for the molecular processes associated with BIMP? This will include identification of the primary enzymes, but also others regulating the process. Further the data will help optimise the BIMP inducing conditions to increase levels.
The work is timely, and the potential impact of this project is enormous. It is essential that there is an acceleration in the decarbonization of the cement and concrete industries. This can only be achieved by a fundamental step-change. By understanding and optimising this highly innovative technology, we anticipate that we can achieve a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions associated with concrete without sacrificing quality or performance.
Project partner: Not yet determined
Cement production is responsible for 8% total global CO2 emissions. Reducing these emissions is essential to mitigating the impacts of climate change and achieving global climate goals. However, decarbonization of the cement and concrete industries is proving difficult. One potential solution is to utilize bacteria-based solutions. However, to date biologically derived composites have been shown to be weak and unstable in water making them impractical for most applications. Furthermore, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the process of precipitation is currently limited.
To fill this knowledge gap this project will investigate the genetic basis of novel precipitation of calcium-silica minerals via bacteria-induced mineral precipitation (BIMP) in non-ureolytic bacteria. We will characterise strains that undergo BIMP to ascertain which genes are required for this process, using a combination of complementary techniques including transcriptomic profiling and transposon-mutagenesis. This data will provide two areas for exploration. What are the genes required for the molecular processes associated with BIMP? This will include identification of the primary enzymes, but also others regulating the process. Further the data will help optimise the BIMP inducing conditions to increase levels.
The work is timely, and the potential impact of this project is enormous. It is essential that there is an acceleration in the decarbonization of the cement and concrete industries. This can only be achieved by a fundamental step-change. By understanding and optimising this highly innovative technology, we anticipate that we can achieve a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions associated with concrete without sacrificing quality or performance.
Integrated theme (social, economic, environmental policy)
Sustainable Fiscal Policy for a Sustainable Climate
Lead Supervisor: Dr Charles Larkin
Project partner: No
While meeting net-zero targets and transitioning to a green industrial base have become a major policy objectives for the UK policymaking community, this must still be delivered in the context of the “business as usual” of the State in terms of ongoing fiscal commitments. In this research project, the student will look at the development of a sustainable climate action fiscal policy strategy that takes into account the need for urgent climate action, a just transition and balancing that against ongoing fiscal demands in health, social transfers, education and security. This work will combine an analysis of Climate and Environmentally Favourable & Unfavourable Revenue & Expenditure actions in the UK with monitoring the implementation of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting and a rights-based approach to a just transition. The objective is to take an all-of-government approach that balances fiscal policy for climate action against well-understood and unavoidable fiscal challenges of demographics and the poorly understood costs of climate change disasters and just transition. The output will be a fiscal policy development and evaluation framework that will assist in the articulation of the appropriate UK fiscal and monetary policy mix to meet stated national objectives for 2030 and 2050.
Project partner: No
While meeting net-zero targets and transitioning to a green industrial base have become a major policy objectives for the UK policymaking community, this must still be delivered in the context of the “business as usual” of the State in terms of ongoing fiscal commitments. In this research project, the student will look at the development of a sustainable climate action fiscal policy strategy that takes into account the need for urgent climate action, a just transition and balancing that against ongoing fiscal demands in health, social transfers, education and security. This work will combine an analysis of Climate and Environmentally Favourable & Unfavourable Revenue & Expenditure actions in the UK with monitoring the implementation of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting and a rights-based approach to a just transition. The objective is to take an all-of-government approach that balances fiscal policy for climate action against well-understood and unavoidable fiscal challenges of demographics and the poorly understood costs of climate change disasters and just transition. The output will be a fiscal policy development and evaluation framework that will assist in the articulation of the appropriate UK fiscal and monetary policy mix to meet stated national objectives for 2030 and 2050.
Life cycle assessment of future low carbon, circular industrial products
Lead Supervisor: Dr Stephen Allen
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
UK industrial emissions have reduced by nearly 50% since the 1990s, but this has largely been driven by de-industrialisation. At the same time, imports have risen. For example, imports of cement have risen from 10% to 22% in the last 15 years. As illustrated by recent research, the future of UK industry relies on significant changes, including electrification, CCUS, and increasing circularity. To grow a market for low carbon products, UK industry will need to be able to certify its low carbon emissions, in growingly complex markets with significant innovation, yet with increasing share of imports.
For a selection of case studies, including from among the Green Industrial Futures CDT partners, this project will explore the environmental footprint of low carbon and circular products, and how these could be certified in the context of international trade. This will support government in developing targets and policies to support decarbonisation of UK industrial sectors, while recognising the global trade flows of industrial materials.
The PhD will involve collaboration with the UK Department of Energy Security and Net Zero.
Project partner: Yes, to be finalised
UK industrial emissions have reduced by nearly 50% since the 1990s, but this has largely been driven by de-industrialisation. At the same time, imports have risen. For example, imports of cement have risen from 10% to 22% in the last 15 years. As illustrated by recent research, the future of UK industry relies on significant changes, including electrification, CCUS, and increasing circularity. To grow a market for low carbon products, UK industry will need to be able to certify its low carbon emissions, in growingly complex markets with significant innovation, yet with increasing share of imports.
For a selection of case studies, including from among the Green Industrial Futures CDT partners, this project will explore the environmental footprint of low carbon and circular products, and how these could be certified in the context of international trade. This will support government in developing targets and policies to support decarbonisation of UK industrial sectors, while recognising the global trade flows of industrial materials.
The PhD will involve collaboration with the UK Department of Energy Security and Net Zero.
University of Sheffield’s Projects
Future proof energy and materials feedstock resilience for sustainable aviation fuels supply chain
Lead supervisor/s: Prof Lenny Koh, and Prof M. Pourkashanian
Project partner: EIC industrial partners
The green industrial futures depend on a sustainable and resilient resource supply chain to achieve the net zero goal. This project aims to develop a new approach to future proof energy and materials feedstock resilience for sustainable aviation fuels supply chain. The dual effects of sustainability and security of energy and critical materials supply will underpin the model development. It will involve a paradigm shift which combines geo-spatial-temporal modelling, prospective life cycle analysis, techno-economic assessment and AI methodologies. It will map and analyse the sustainable aviation fuels supply chain beyond organisation and embeds embodied/hidden layer of direct/indirect dependence and closed-loop/circular relation in the value networks at multi-tier. Primary data will be derived from TERC, SAF-IC, IDRIC and industry partners. Co-developed with partners, future scenario for SAFSC will be examined across 2030, 2040 and 2050 via various technological pathways and fed into industry and policy decision making.
Project partner: EIC industrial partners
The green industrial futures depend on a sustainable and resilient resource supply chain to achieve the net zero goal. This project aims to develop a new approach to future proof energy and materials feedstock resilience for sustainable aviation fuels supply chain. The dual effects of sustainability and security of energy and critical materials supply will underpin the model development. It will involve a paradigm shift which combines geo-spatial-temporal modelling, prospective life cycle analysis, techno-economic assessment and AI methodologies. It will map and analyse the sustainable aviation fuels supply chain beyond organisation and embeds embodied/hidden layer of direct/indirect dependence and closed-loop/circular relation in the value networks at multi-tier. Primary data will be derived from TERC, SAF-IC, IDRIC and industry partners. Co-developed with partners, future scenario for SAFSC will be examined across 2030, 2040 and 2050 via various technological pathways and fed into industry and policy decision making.
Integrative systems of carbon removal technologies and green hydrogen scale up and standardisation
Lead supervisor/s: Prof Lenny Koh, and Prof M. Pourkashanian
Project partner: EIC industrial partners
Both carbon removal technologies (a.k.a. negative emission technologies) and hydrogen (especially green) will play a key role towards achieving the net zero commitment. A mixed level of maturity of these technologies, supply chain dependency on imported resources, energy content, climate and energy policies variation have led to the dual challenges on scale up viability and global standardisation. This project aims to unpack the integrative systemic and symbiotic effect of carbon dioxide removals (CDR) and hydrogen on operational, economic, social, behavioural and environmental performance. Advanced modelling and comparative assessments will identify optimum systems combination leading to a resource efficient outcome. A new model and framework will be developed for the scale up and standardisation of integrative systems of CDR and hydrogen.
Project partner: EIC industrial partners
Both carbon removal technologies (a.k.a. negative emission technologies) and hydrogen (especially green) will play a key role towards achieving the net zero commitment. A mixed level of maturity of these technologies, supply chain dependency on imported resources, energy content, climate and energy policies variation have led to the dual challenges on scale up viability and global standardisation. This project aims to unpack the integrative systemic and symbiotic effect of carbon dioxide removals (CDR) and hydrogen on operational, economic, social, behavioural and environmental performance. Advanced modelling and comparative assessments will identify optimum systems combination leading to a resource efficient outcome. A new model and framework will be developed for the scale up and standardisation of integrative systems of CDR and hydrogen.